DNA purification is the step in the sample preparation workflow which removes enzymes, salts and other contaminants from lysed samples or PCR products prior to subsequent procedures like cloning or sequencing. It also eliminates unwanted PCR-induced artefacts like primer dimers and nucleotides that are not incorporated. DNA purification in molecular biology research is an essential step that requires careful planning in order to produce quality, reliable results.
There are many different methods to purifying DNA. Traditional DNA isolation methods involve many steps including leukocyte isolation or red blood cell lysis to eliminate heme proteins that block the PCR reaction, deproteinization, treatment of RNAse, ethanol and isopropanol precipitation, and then DNA elimination. The majority of these procedures require the use of specially designed equipment, like an electrophoresis device and biosafety cabinets because of the hazardous intercalating dyes that are used in the electrophoresis gel.
Other methods for DNA purification utilize spin columns or plates with 96 wells that separate the contaminated particles by adsorbing to the surface. These techniques can be very time-consuming particularly if you have lots of samples or if the columns have to be filled manually.
Dipsticks significantly reduce the number of sample processing steps to just three. They bind nucleic acids using waxy cellulose and then release them when in contact with water. This technique is especially useful in low-resource areas, such as remote field sites and teaching laboratories. Its simplicity and speed (30 seconds for each sample) makes it highly suitable for diagnostic molecular applications such as diagnosis as well as genotype screening and heterozygosity testing.
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